A new review from Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) explores how advanced biomedical tools are helping scientists study cancer in its earliest stages. The paper focuses on three key technologies—organoids, organs-on-a-chip, and 3D bioprinting—that replicate human tissue environments more accurately than traditional models. These platforms allow researchers to observe how cancer begins, progresses, and responds to treatment in ways that were previously impossible.
Organoids are miniature, lab-grown versions of human organs created from stem cells. They mimic the structure and function of real tissues, making them ideal for studying tumor development and drug response. OHSU researchers use organoids to model cancers such as pancreatic and colorectal, enabling personalized testing and faster identification of effective therapies.
Organs-on-a-chip are microfluidic devices that simulate the behavior of entire organ systems. These chips allow scientists to control variables like fluid flow, nutrient delivery, and mechanical stress, offering a dynamic view of how cancer cells interact with their environment. By integrating sensors and imaging tools, researchers can monitor cellular changes in real time and test how tumors respond to different treatments.
3D bioprinting adds another layer of precision by allowing scientists to build complex tissue structures using bioinks made from living cells. This technique can recreate tumor microenvironments with high fidelity, supporting studies on metastasis, immune response, and drug penetration. OHSU’s review highlights how bioprinted models are being used to simulate patient-specific tumors, paving the way for personalized medicine.
Article from OHSU: OHSU researchers identify new tools for early cancer detection, treatment
Abstract in Nature Reviews Bioengineering: Engineering and biofabrication of early cancer models
